Since the overthrow of the regime of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, Libya’s multitude of armed groups have followed a range of paths. While many of these have gradually demobilized, others have remained active, and others have expanded their influence. Given the degree to which most armed groups are embedded in local society, successful engagement will need to address the fears, grievances and desires of the surrounding communities. The Middle East Institute (MEI) is pleased to host a virtual panel discussing the findings of a recently published Chatham House research paper, “The Development of Libyan Armed Groups Since 2014: Community Dynamics and Economic Interests,” which presents insights from over 200 interviews of Libyan armed actors and members of local communities.

The panel will seek to answer the following: What are the possible trajectories of Libya’s conflict given the current pandemic? What is the future of its economic system with the crashing price of oil and the likely implosion of the Libyan healthcare system? How can international actors influence the chances of a sustainable settlement to the conflict?

Highlights:

- African Union/UN Conference 
- Secretary-General/G77 
- Planet Budapest Sustainability Expo 
- Deputy Secretary-General/Travels 
- Middle East 
- Afghanistan
- South Sudan 
- Ethiopia 
- Ukraine 
- Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare
- Hybrid Briefing Tomorrow

MIDDLE EAST
Tor Wennesland, the Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process, told the Security Council this morning that we face a series of heightened and interrelated risks across the Occupied Palestinian Territory.
He said that in the West Bank, a severe fiscal and economic crisis is threatening the stability of Palestinian institutions. Meanwhile, in Gaza, the fragile cessation of hostilities continues to hold, but further steps are needed by all parties to ensure a sustainable solution that ultimately enables a return of legitimate Palestinian Government institutions to the Strip.
Mr. Wennesland said that it is essential that the parties avoid unilateral steps, reduce flashpoints and violence across the occupied Palestinian territory, solidify the cessation of hostilities, and support economic development in the Gaza Strip.

AFGHANISTAN
The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA) today said that temperatures have already dipped below zero in the country and people are in need of winter clothing, emergency shelter, heating and fuel, as well as rental support.
Recently, the UN distributed winterization assistance to 32,200 people in Kunar, Nangarhar and Nuristan provinces, and partners are also responding.
Yesterday, the UN launched a distribution of cash assistance in Jawzjan Province. The distribution covers 1,750 people, with a focus on internally displaced and drought-affected people, returnees, vulnerable communities, and female-headed households, the elderly, and people with disabilities.
The 2021 Afghanistan Flash Appeal, seeking $606 million, is 112 per cent funded. While the Humanitarian Response Plan, the broader plan, seeking $869 million, is 84 per cent funded.
OCHA is grateful for the generous contributions by the donor community. However, all financial commitments have not been translated into actions on the ground due to financial system challenges amid the cash and liquidity crisis.

SOUTH SUDAN
The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) today said that they are responding to the worst floods in the last six decades in Unity State. This flooding has led to many people being displaced.
Heavy rains this weekend have made the main road linking the city of Bentiu to the airport and the UN Mission’s base impassable. The Mission’s engineering contingent, with the help of the International Organization for Migration (IOM), immediately deployed heavy equipment and water pumps.
In Bentiu, the Mission also organized a forum to promote the global 16 Days of Activism campaign against gender-based violence. More than 100 women leaders, community and traditional leaders, as well as youth representatives took part in the event designed to encourage people to speak up and take action against gender-based violence.


Full Highlights:
https://www.un.org/sg/en/conte....nt/noon-briefing-hig

A recalibration of the geopolitical landscape amidst the coronavirus pandemic means that the world is wrought with new and resurgent challenges and disorders.

Join Carnegie Europe and the European Union Institute for Security Studies for a conversation with Josep Borrell Fontelles, the EU high representative for foreign affairs and security policy / vice-president of the European Commission.

Borrell Fontelles will keynote an international panel discussion with William J. Burns, Ling Jin, Elsie S. Kanza, and Moisés Naím to explore the global challenges facing Europe, from strategic competition and the return of geopolitics to the future of multilateralism and global cooperation.

Gustav Lindstrom will provide opening remarks and the event will be moderated by Rosa Balfour.

Carnegie Europe advances international peace by leveraging its global network to shape debates and provide decisionmakers with independent insights and innovative ideas on the most consequential global threats and opportunities.

4:00 to 6:00 p.m. (CEST / CAT)

5:00 to 7:00 p.m. (EEST / EAT)

10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. (EDT)

10:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m. (CST)

Check out the event page on the Carnegie Europe website: https://carnegieeurope.eu/events/7383

Check out the Carnegie Europe website for the latest foreign policy analysis: https://carnegieeurope.eu/

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Italy on Feb. 18 issued its strongest warning yet about the danger of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) group establishing a stronghold in Libya from where it could attack Europe and destabilize neighboring states.

Addressing parliament, Foreign Minister Paolo Gentiloni also outlined Italy’s readiness to play a leading role in de-arming and rebuilding its former colony in the event of a UN-brokered cease-fire in a conflict that has plagued Libya since the 2011 Western-backed overthrow of Moamer Khadafi.

Gentiloni said there was a serious danger of ISIL fighters forging an alliance with local militias or criminal gangs currently engaged in a multi-sided battle for control of Libya.

The country has no functioning government and is headed for bankruptcy because of a collapse in its oil production as a result of the fighting.

Italy sees the chaos as driving the accelerating flux of African migrants trying to reach its shores from Libya.

“There is an evident risk of an alliance being forged between local groups and Daesh and it is a situation that has to be monitored with maximum attention,” Gentiloni told MPs. Daesh is the Arabic acronym for ISIL.

“We find ourselves facing a country with a vast territory and failed institutions and that has potentially grave consequences not only for us but for the stability and sustainability of the transition processes in neighbouring African states,” the minister added.

“The time at our disposal is not infinite and is in danger of running out soon.”


“Saying we are on the front line does not mean announcing adventures nor crusades,” he said.

“What we are doing as part of the anti-Daesh coalition in Iraq and Syria is the way a democratic country responds to barbarism and we are doing it in friendship with the vast majority of the Islamic community who refuse to see their faith hijacked.”

A total of 5,302 migrants have arrived in Italy from Libya since the start of January, a 59 percent increase on the same period in 2014.

More than 300 Africans have died at sea in the last week alone in what aid workers suspect is a sign of people smugglers trying to get their human convoys out of Libya as soon as possible.

Gentiloni called for Triton, the European Union’s limited coastal patrol operation in the Mediterranean, to be expanded to prevent further loss of life.

“The EU is an economic superpower and an economic superpower can go beyond the 59 million euros a year it is currently spending on an emergency of this scale,” he said.

Some opposition figures in Italy have called for all search-and-rescue operations in the Mediterranean to be suspended because of a much-touted risk of terrorists posing as refugees as a way of getting into Italy to stage “lone-wolf” attacks.

Arab Connect is a forum to connect 23 Arab nations to the World.

In this episode of The Genesis Account of Noah’s Ark, Calvin Smith reveals where all the water went after the biblical flood, as well as whether or not the flood could have been a local (rather than worldwide) event, as some people have proposed.

To see more episodes of The Genesis Account of Noah's Ark, start your 7-day free trial of Answers TV: www.Answers.TV/the-genesis-acc....ount-of-noah-s-ark-s

To see the life-size Noah’s Ark in Kentucky, visit the Ark Encounter: https://arkencounter.com/.

Assaraya Alhmara Museum, Tripoli, Libya - Assaraya Alhamra, "The Red Castle" or "The Red Fort" was painted red after the Spanish invasions in 1510 AD. Digging along an adjacent road revealed that the fort was built on top of an ancient Roman fortified camp. The building was established by the Phoenicians, who later abandoned the city after they established the nearby Carthage. A road once passed through the castle and was adorned with statues on both sides, which gave the museum an unique outdoor department. The castle was built to defend the city, it continued to be the centre of Tripoli's power right up to the 20th century.

After the Romans' descendants' return in 1911, the Italian converted a section of the castle, that was originally used as an ammunition storehouse, into Libya's first museum in 1919, to house some of the countless archaeological artifacts scattered across Libya since prehistoric times. By 1930s, it was named the Classical Museum - in reference to the classical Greco-Roman period. After the British occupied Libya during the Second War, the museum grew to occupy the entire complex and became known as The Libyan Museum in 1948, with the four wings: Prehistory - Ancient Libyan Tribes (the Berbers: Garamentes, Tuareg, etc.) - Libyan-Punic-Greco-Roman-Byzantine Traditions - Natural History

After Gaddafi's September Revolution, in 1969, a new wing was added, The People's Era Wing, to document the Libyan struggle for independence. and then later a war museum, known as The Conflict Museum. In 1982, in a joint venture with the UNISCO, the museum was further developed to its current state and became known as Assaraya Alhmara museum, which reopened its doors to the public in 1988. The museum occupies 10,000 square meters and is widely recognised as one of the most important and richest museums in the world; owing to its unique collection of original items spanning all periods of human's civilisation on this planet, right from the stone age and the prehistoric civilisations of the great Sahara desert to the medieval periods and the present day. Libya is rich in archaeology, with most of its prehistoric secrets still buried under the desert's sand and beneath the sea's water, for future generations to rediscover and bring to life once more.


Unravel Travel TV http://www.unraveltravel.eu
Unravel Travel TV Twitter http://www.twitter.com/UnravelTravelTV
Unravel Travel TV http://www.youtube.com/UnravelTravelTV

Filmed June 2010 shows Turkish citadel set inside the National Museum, Tripoli medina, the triumphal arch of Marcus Aurelius in Roman times Oei and around the Green Square /Martyr's Square in the capital of Libya.
Tour Pperator - BP Triad

Libya is holding a one-week theater festival in Benghazi, featuring plays and performances made over the last two years, to promote arts in Libya.
The Benghazi Festival for Performing Arts coincides with the 87th anniversary of the creation of the People's Theater, that launched the first theatrical movement in the North African country.
Such events in Libya "play a pivotal role in the production of diverse works, making them a reflective theatrical season encapsulating the essence of Libyan theater," said Ali Al-Falah, a Libyan playwright.
The festival reopened in 2019 after over a seven-year shutdown, following the NATO-backed uprising that toppled and killed long-serving ruler Moammar Gadhafi.

https://cppcon.org/
https://github.com/CppCon/CppCon2021
---
FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) are electronic devices which are programmable with a configuration memory to implement arbitrary electronic circuits. While they have been used for decades to implement various adaptable electronic components, they got some traction more recently to be used as generic programmable accelerators more suitable for software programmers.

There are already HLS (High-Level Synthesis) tools to translate some functions written with languages like C/C++ into equivalent electronic circuits which can be called from programs running on processors to accelerate parts of a global application, often in an energy-efficient way. The current limitation is that there are 2 different programs: the host part, running the main application, and the device part, glued together with an interface library without any type-safety guaranty.

Since the C++ standard does not address yet the concept of hardware heterogeneity and remote memory, the Khronos Group organization has developed SYCL, an open standard defining an executable DSL (Domain-Specific Language) using pure modern C++ without any extension. There are around 10 different SYCL implementations targeting various devices allowing a single-source C++ application to run on CPU and controlling various accelerators (CPU, GPU, DSP, AI...) in a unified way by using different backends at the same time in a single type-safe C++ program.

We present a SYCL implementation https://github.com/triSYCL/sycl targeting Xilinx Alveo FPGA cards by merging 2 different open-source implementations, Intel’s oneAPI DPC++ with some LLVM passes from triSYCL.

For a C++ audience, this presentation gives a concrete example on why the C++ standard does not describe detailed execution semantics (stack, cache, registers...): because C++ can be executed on devices which are not even processors.

While this presentation targets FPGA and a SYCL implementation from a specific vendor, the content provides also:
- a generic introduction to FPGA which should be interesting outside of Xilinx or even without the use of SYCL;
- how C++ can be translated in some equivalent electronic circuits;
- a generic introduction to SYCL which should be interesting for people interested to know more about heterogeneous programming and C++, beyond only FPGA.

---
Ronan Keryell

Ronan Keryell is principal software engineer at Xilinx Research Labs, where he works on high-level programming models for heterogeneous systems, such as FPGA and CGRA, with the open-source https://github.com/triSYCL/triSYCL SYCL implementation.

He is the specification editor of the SYCL standard, member of the SYCL, SPIR & OpenCL standard committees from Khronos Group & ISO C++ committee.

Ronan Keryell received his MSc in Electrical Engineering and PhD in Computer Science in 1992 from École Normale Supérieure of Paris & University of Paris Sud (France), on the design of a massively parallel RISC-based VLIW-SIMD graphics computer (a Jurassic GPU ancestor...) and its programming environment. He spent some time in the academia teaching and working on automatic parallelization, compilation of PGAS languages (High-Performance Fortran), high-level synthesis and co-design, networking and secure computing. He was co-founder of 3 start-ups, mainly in the area of High-Performance Computing, and was the technical lead of the Par4All automatic parallelizer at SILKAN, targeting OpenMP, CUDA & OpenCL from sequential C & Fortran. Before joining Xilinx, he worked at AMD on programming models for GPU.

---
Videos Filmed & Edited by Bash Films: http://www.BashFilms.com

YouTube Channel Managed by Digital Medium Ltd https://events.digital-medium.co.uk

*--*

Distinguised Speaker Series: "Global Rebalancing: Politics and Markets in a World in Transition".

Dr. Ian Bremmer, president and founder of the leading global political risk research and consulting firm Eurasia Group,discusses the current state of the global financial crisis and the rebalancing of the economic and political landscape of the world.

Moderated by Steven Clemons, a Senior Fellow and Director of the American Strategy Program at the New America Foundation.

This is What Really Happened in Africa this Week: Africa Weekly News UpdateThank you for watching!
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Course Induction and Live Q&A

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After 39 years at Wellesley College, Robert Paarlberg, Betty Freyhof Johnson '44 Professor of Political Science, delivers his last lecture to his International Economic Policy class.

This is a brief description of various events of the day.

Vice President of Intelligence Fred Burton discusses the recent plots against Israeli civilian and government targets and examines steps an average person or company can take to protect themselves against similar potential threats.

About Stratfor:
Stratfor brings global events into valuable perspective, empowering businesses, governments and individuals to more confidently navigate their way through an increasingly complex international environment. For individual and enterprise subscriptions to Stratfor Worldview, our online publication, visit us at: https://worldview.stratfor.com/

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LIVE: #AfricaLive
Here’s Karen Roberts with our news bulletin at this hour. Some of the news making headlines include:-

South African President Cyril Ramaphosa has tested negative for coronavirus. The country's COVID-19 count is now above 700.

Kenyans prepare for 7 am to 5 pm curfew.

The World Bank and other global lenders say Somalia has met all obligations needed to become eligible for billions in economic aid.

Stay with us right here, or catch our bulletin on DSTV 409 and Star Times 123.Remember to tell us where you are watching from. 
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Frederik Willem de Klerk (born 18 March 1936), often known as F. W. de Klerk, was the seventh and last State President of apartheid-era South Africa, serving from September 1989 to May 1994. De Klerk was also leader of the National Party(which later became the New National Party) from February 1989 to September 1997.

Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki[3] (Xhosa pronunciation: [tʰaɓɔ mbɛːkʼi]; born 18 June 1942) is a South African politician who served two terms as the second post-apartheid President of South Africa from 14 June 1999[4] to 24 September 2008.[5] He is also the brother of Moeletsi Mbeki. On 20 September 2008, he announced his resignation after being recalled by the African National Congress's National Executive Committee,[6] following a conclusion by Judge Nicholson of improper interference in theNational Prosecuting Authority (NPA), including the prosecution of Jacob Zuma for corruption.[7] On 12 January 2009, the Supreme Court of Appeal unanimously overturned Judge Nicholson's judgment[8][9][10] but the resignation stood.

Learn more at homeland.house.gov

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
2011 military intervention in Libya


00:03:26 1 Proposal for the no-fly zone
00:03:50 1.1 Chronology
00:11:19 2 Enforcement
00:13:39 2.1 Operation names
00:14:25 2.2 Forces committed
00:27:19 2.3 Bases committed
00:28:09 2.4 Actions by other states
00:34:00 2.5 Action by international forces
00:34:09 3 Civilian losses
00:36:58 4 Military losses on the coalition side
00:39:15 5 Reaction
00:41:30 5.1 Responsibility to protect
00:42:56 5.2 Reaction within Libya
00:43:27 5.3 Criticism
00:48:45 5.4 Alleged "Blowback"
00:49:27 6 Costs
00:51:50 7 U.K. Parliament Investigation
00:53:51 8 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntP

You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts



"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
On 19 March 2011, a multi-state NATO-led coalition began a military intervention in Libya, ostensibly to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973. The United Nations Intent and Voting was to have "an immediate ceasefire in Libya, including an end to the current attacks against civilians, which it said might constitute crimes against humanity ... imposing a ban on all flights in the country's airspace – a no-fly zone – and tightened sanctions on the Gaddafi regime and its supporters." The resolution was taken in response to events during the Libyan Civil War, and military operations began, with American and British naval forces firing over 110 Tomahawk cruise missiles, the French Air Force, British Royal Air Force, and Royal Canadian Air Force undertaking sorties across Libya and a naval blockade by Coalition forces. French jets launched air strikes against Libyan Army tanks and vehicles. The Libyan government response to the campaign was totally ineffectual, with Gaddafi's forces not managing to shoot down a single NATO plane despite the country possessing 30 heavy SAM batteries, 17 medium SAM batteries, 55 light SAM batteries (a total of 400–450 launchers, including 130–150 2K12 Kub launchers and some 9K33 Osa launchers), and 440–600 short-ranged air-defense guns. The official names for the interventions by the coalition members are Opération Harmattan by France; Operation Ellamy by the United Kingdom; Operation Mobile for the Canadian participation and Operation Odyssey Dawn for the United States. Italy initially opposed the intervention but then offered to take part in the operations on the condition that NATO took the leadership of the mission instead of individual countries (particularly France). As this condition was later met, Italy shared its bases and intelligence with the allies.From the beginning of the intervention, the initial coalition of Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, Norway, Qatar, Spain, UK and US expanded to nineteen states, with newer states mostly enforcing the no-fly zone and naval blockade or providing military logistical assistance. The effort was initially largely led by France and the United Kingdom, with command shared with the United States. NATO took control of the arms embargo on 23 March, named Operation Unified Protector. An attempt to unify the military command of the air campaign (whilst keeping political and strategic control with a small group), first failed over objections by the French, German, and Turkish governments. On 24 March, NATO agreed to take control of the no-fly zone, while command of targeting ground units remains with coalition forces. The handover occurred on 31 March 2011 at 06:00 UTC (08:00 local time). NATO flew 26,500 sorties since it took charge of the Libya mission on 31 March 2011.
Fighting in Libya ended in late October following the death of Muammar Gaddafi, and NATO stated it would end operations over Libya on 31 October 2011. Libya's new government requested that its mission be extended to the end of the year, but on 27 October, the Security Council voted to end NATO's mandate for military action on 31 October.